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ÎļþÇÐ¸î – split

ÔÚ Linux ϵͳÏÂʹÓà split ÏÂÁî¾ÙÐдóÎļþÇиîºÜÀû±ã

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-a: #Ö¸¶¨Êä³öÎļþÃûµÄºó׺³¤¶È(ĬÒÔΪ2¸ö:aa,ab...)
-d: #Ö¸¶¨Êä³öÎļþÃûµÄºó׺ÓÃÊý×ÖÈ¡´ú
-l: #ÐÐÊýÖ§½âģʽ(Ö¸¶¨Ã¿¼¸¶àÐÐÇгÉÒ»¸öСÎļþ;ĬÈÏÐÐÊýÊÇ1000ÐÐ)
-b: #¶þ½øÖÆÖ§½âģʽ(Ö§³Öµ¥Î»:k/m)
-C: #Îļþ¾Þϸ֧½âģʽ(Çиîʱֻ¹Üά³ÖÿÐеÄÍêÕûÐÔ)

split [-a] [-d] [-l <ÐÐÊý>] [-b <×Ö½Ú>] [-C <×Ö½Ú>] [ÒªÇиîµÄÎļþ] [Êä³öÎļþÃû]

µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ

ʹÓÃʵÀý

# ÐÐÇиîÎļþ
$ split -l 300000 users.sql /data/users_

# ʹÓÃÊý×Öºó׺
$ split -d -l 300000 users.sql /data/users_

# °´×Ö½Ú¾Þϸ֧½â
$ split -d -b 100m users.sql /data/users_
```bash

**×ÊÖúÐÅÏ¢**

```bash
# ×ÊÖúÐÅÏ¢
$ split --help
Usage: split [OPTION]... [FILE [PREFIX]]
Output pieces of FILE to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...;
default size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is 'x'.

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -a, --suffix-length=N   generate suffixes of length N (default 2)            ºó׺Ãû³ÆµÄ³¤¶È(ĬÒÔΪ2)
      --additional-suffix=SUFFIX  append an additional SUFFIX to file names
  -b, --bytes=SIZE        put SIZE bytes per output file                       ÿ¸öÊä³öÎļþµÄ×Ö½Ú¾Þϸ
  -C, --line-bytes=SIZE   put at most SIZE bytes of records per output file    ÿ¸öÊä³öÎļþµÄ×î´ó×Ö½Ú¾Þϸ
  -d                      use numeric suffixes starting at 0, not alphabetic   ʹÓÃÊý×Öºó׺ȡ´ú×Öĸºó׺
      --numeric-suffixes[=FROM]  same as -d, but allow setting the start value
  -e, --elide-empty-files  do not generate empty output files with '-n'        ²»±¬·¢¿ÕµÄÊä³öÎļþ
      --filter=COMMAND    write to shell COMMAND; file name is $FILE           дÈëµ½shellÏÂÁîÐÐ
  -l, --lines=NUMBER      put NUMBER lines/records per output file             É趨ÿ¸öÊä³öÎļþµÄÐÐÊý
  -n, --number=CHUNKS     generate CHUNKS output files; see explanation below  ±¬·¢chunksÎļþ
  -t, --separator=SEP     use SEP instead of newline as the record separator;  ʹÓÃÐÂ×Ö·ûÖ§½â
                            '\0' (zero) specifies the NUL character
  -u, --unbuffered        immediately copy input to output with '-n r/...'     ÎÞÐ軺´æ
      --verbose           print a diagnostic just before each                  ÏÔʾ֧½â½ø¶È
                            output file is opened
      --help     display this help and exit                                    ÏÔʾ×ÊÖúÐÅÏ¢
      --version  output version information and exit                           ÏÔʾ°æ±¾ÐÅÏ¢

The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024).
Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).

CHUNKS may be:
  N       split into N files based on size of input
  K/N     output Kth of N to stdout
  l/N     split into N files without splitting lines/records
  l/K/N   output Kth of N to stdout without splitting lines/records
  r/N     like 'l' but use round robin distribution
  r/K/N   likewise but only output Kth of N to stdout

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/split>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) split invocation'

µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ

ÎļþºÏ²¢ – cat

ÔÚ Linux ϵͳÏÂʹÓà cat ÏÂÁî¾ÙÐжà¸öСÎļþµÄºÏ²¢Ò²ºÜÀû±ã

ÏÂÁîÓï·¨

-n: #ÏÔʾÐкÅ
-e: #ÒÔ$×Ö·û×÷ΪÿÐеÄ×îºó
-t: #ÏÔʾTAB×Ö·û(^I)
cat [-n] [-e] [-t] [Êä³öÎļþÃû]

µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ

ʹÓÃʵÀý

# ºÏ²¢Îļþ
$ cat /data/users_* > users.sql
×ÊÖúÐÅÏ¢
# ×ÊÖúÐÅÏ¢
$ cat --h
Usage: cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Concatenate FILE(s) to standard output.

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

  -A, --show-all           equivalent to -vET
  -b, --number-nonblank    number nonempty output lines, overrides -n
  -e                       equivalent to -vE
  -E, --show-ends          display $ at end of each line
  -n, --number             number all output lines
  -s, --squeeze-blank      suppress repeated empty output lines
  -t                       equivalent to -vT
  -T, --show-tabs          display TAB characters as ^I
  -u                       (ignored)
  -v, --show-nonprinting   use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

Examples:
  cat f - g  Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
  cat        Copy standard input to standard output.

GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cat>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cat invocation'

µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ

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